OpenAI has launched Reinforcement Fine-Tuning (RFT) on its o4-mini reasoning model, introducing a powerful new technique for tailoring foundation models to specialized tasks. Built on principles of reinforcement learning, RFT allows organizations to define custom objectives and reward functions, enabling fine-grained control over how models improve—far beyond what standard supervised fine-tuning offers. At its core,… →

As AI agents become more autonomous—capable of writing production code, managing workflows, and interacting with untrusted data sources—their exposure to security risks grows significantly. Addressing this evolving threat landscape, Meta AI has released LlamaFirewall, an open-source guardrail system designed to provide a system-level security layer for AI agents in production environments. Addressing Security Gaps in… →

LLMs have made significant strides in language-related tasks such as conversational AI, reasoning, and code generation. However, human communication extends beyond text, often incorporating visual elements to enhance understanding. To create a truly versatile AI, models need the ability to process and generate text and visual information simultaneously. Training such unified vision-language models from scratch… →

NVIDIA continues to push the boundaries of open AI development by open-sourcing its Open Code Reasoning (OCR) model suite — a trio of high-performance large language models purpose-built for code reasoning and problem-solving. The 32B, 14B, and 7B variants, all released under the Apache 2.0 license. Benchmarked to Beat the Best The Open Code Reasoning… →

In a notable step toward democratizing vision-language model development, Hugging Face has released nanoVLM, a compact and educational PyTorch-based framework that allows researchers and developers to train a vision-language model (VLM) from scratch in just 750 lines of code. This release follows the spirit of projects like nanoGPT by Andrej Karpathy—prioritizing readability and modularity without… →

Just ahead of its annual I/O developer conference, Google has released an early preview of Gemini 2.5 Pro (I/O Edition)—a substantial update to its flagship AI model focused on software development and multimodal reasoning and understanding. This latest version delivers marked improvements in coding accuracy, web application generation, and video-based understanding, placing it at the… →

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention in recent years, yet understanding their internal mechanisms remains challenging. When examining individual attention heads in Transformer models, researchers have identified specific functionalities in some heads, such as induction heads that predict tokens like ‘Potter’ following ‘Harry’ when the phrase appears in context. Ablation studies confirm these… →

This article demonstrates how to build an intelligent routing system powered by Anthropic’s Claude models. This system improves response efficiency and quality by automatically classifying user requests and directing them to specialised handlers. The workflow analyses incoming queries, determines their intent, and routes them to appropriate processing pipelines—whether for customer support, technical assistance, or other… →

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have shown impressive capabilities in mathematics, coding, and scientific reasoning. However, they face significant limitations when addressing complex information research needs when relying solely on internal knowledge. These models struggle with conducting thorough web information retrieval and generating accurate scientific reports through multi-step reasoning processes. So, the deep integration of LRM’s… →