Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is frequently associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Evidence regarding the metabolic effects of probiotics in PCOS remains inconsistent. This secondary analysis evaluated whether multispecies probiotic supplementation influenced glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and the lipid profile in women with PCOS. Methods: Data were derived from a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled… →

CONCLUSIONS: The DECIDE-Children intervention improved body composition by reducing adiposity and increasing fat-free and muscle mass percentage, effects primarily mediated by dietary behaviour. These findings highlight dietary behaviour as a key component in paediatric obesity intervention. →

CONCLUSIONS: Omega-3 PUFA supplementation significantly altered lipid biomarker profiles in youth with migraine over 12 weeks, supporting a measurable whole-blood EPA + DHA response in this proof-of-concept trial. Future larger-scale trials with longer duration are needed to evaluate clinical effects. →

Background and Objectives: Myocardial protection during on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) limits ischaemic injury, particularly in patients with left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD), in whom severe proximal stenosis may compromise antegrade cardioplegia delivery. We investigated whether combined antegrade-retrograde blood cardioplegia reduces postoperative high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) concentrations, a marker of perioperative myocardial… →

Background and Objectives: This trial examined whether two task-complexity gait training protocols differentially affect EEG spectral activity, cognitive-motor interference, and gait performance in chronic stroke. Materials and Methods: Forty-four participants were randomly allocated to Progressive Task-Complexity Gait Training (PTCGT; n = 22) or Constant Task-Complexity Gait Training (CTCGT; n = 22). Both groups trained for… →

The ITALUNG trial (Italian Lung Cancer Screening Trial) is a randomised controlled trial that evaluated the efficacy of Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening of over 3100 high-risk individuals, smokers and ex-smokers, aged 55-69. ITALUNG was coordinated by the Institute for Cancer Prevention Research in Florence and carried out across Tuscany in three… →

CONCLUSIONS: The NADIR model demonstrates robust and reproducible discrimination, calibration, and prognostic stratification in a distinct ARPI-treated mHSPC cohort, supporting its potential utility for early response risk stratification and trial enrichment pending prospective validation of model-guided treatment adaptation. →

CONCLUSIONS: Universal digital surveillance programmes such as WMG-I can enhance time and service efficiency to accurately identify developmental needs. Leveraging routine primary care contact such as immunisation visits to administer WMG-I digital offers a scalable solution for increasing the uptake of developmental surveillance at a population level internationally. →

BACKGROUND: Evidence linking exposure to airborne particulate and gaseous pollutants, as well as mold spores, with asthma control and severity is well established. A growing body of literature has demonstrated that ventilation and air filtration can improve indoor air quality (IAQ); however, clinical evidence on their comparative health impacts remains limited. Therefore, this trial aims… →