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Quality Improvement Intervention to Increase Sleep Apnea Diagnostic Testing After Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Cluster Randomized Trial
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cluster randomized trial of patients with acute cerebrovascular events, quality improvement approaches increased OSA testing. These results suggest that health care systems can improve the delivery of guideline-concordant care for patients with acute ischemic stroke and TIA by delivering inpatient sleep medicine services. →
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Ablative Preoperative Single-Fraction Radiation Dose Escalation Among Patients With Breast Cancer: A Phase 1 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this nonrandomized clinical trial, the rate of toxic effects was low, and treatments were tolerable up to 38 Gy. Delaying surgery more than 9 months after sPBI with endocrine therapy was associated with increased pCR and npCR (>90%), while higher doses were not. These findings support further investigation of sPBI as… →
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Impact of regional and general aerobic exercise on molecular regulators of lipolysis and adipose tissue composition in obese women
This randomized controlled trial compared the effects of regional, general, and combined aerobic training on plasma lipolytic markers and subcutaneous fat reduction in obese women with abdominal or gluteofemoral fat accumulation. Sixty women (age 25-50 years; BMI ≥30 kg/m²) were assigned to general aerobic training (GATG; treadmill/cycling), regional aerobic training (RTG; targeted abdominal or lower-body… →
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Integration of a WASH Component in the Standard National Protocol for Treatment of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 6-59 Months in Northern Senegal-A Costing Study
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) affects 12.2 million children globally. Integrating a water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) kit in outpatient SAM treatment can improve recovery rates by preventing WASH-related diseases and complications, but its cost at scale remains unknown. This study estimates the cost of integrating a WASH kit, composed of chlorine-based water treatment, safe water… →
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Effectiveness of foam tooth brush on oral health status of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder — A randomized controlled trial
CONCLUSION: The foam toothbrush demonstrated superior efficacy in improving oral hygiene, particularly in children with the hyperactive type of ADHD. →
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A randomized controlled prospective study comparing surgical outcomes of median umbilical ligament lift-up and Veress needle entry techniques in gynecologic laparoscopic surgery
CONCLUSIONS: The MULU technique, based on anatomical guidance via the median umbilical ligament, is a safe and effective method for abdominal entry. It offers faster access and may reduce the risk of major complications, making it a viable alternative to conventional techniques. →
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Metformin for overweight and obese children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum and related mood disorders treated with second-generation antipsychotics: a randomised, pragmatic trial
BACKGROUND: Second-generation antipsychotics are widely used to treat patients with bipolar spectrum disorders and effectively manage mood symptoms but can often cause substantial weight gain and other metabolic alterations that elevate long-term risks of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. Metformin has been shown to be safe and efficacious for ameliorating weight gain but has not… →
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To Reform Meritocracy, Put Character at the Center
Carolyn Geason-Beissel/MIT SMR | Getty Images The idea of meritocracy is under attack: It has been called a “myth,” a “sham,” a “trap,” a “tyranny,” and an “alibi for plutocracy.” While meritocracy, as historically and currently practiced, is clearly in need of reform, it is hard to accept the notion that it is so flawed… →
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Leaders at All Levels: AI Enables Innovation at Cascade Engineering
What happens when you deploy AI tools to enhance workers’ capabilities instead of replacing people? At Cascade Engineering, a $400 million plastics manufacturer, “physical AI” — the use of intelligent machinery alongside human problem solvers — is giving people more time to innovate. That workforce management tactic dovetails with CEO Christina Keller’s distributed leadership approach,… →
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Modulating Placebo Effects in Clinical Trials: Study Team Briefing to Optimize Drug-Placebo Differences
Clinical trials often face challenges with placebo effects that can mask actual drug effects. We evaluated whether briefing the study team members on placebo mechanisms influenced analgesia. In this study, we compared the analgesic effects of oxycodone and placebo in three groups of 32 subjects. The groups were treated by an untrained study team (Arm… →
